Safe operation and maintenance methods of hand tools
Hand tools, also known as hand tools, are mainly used to twist or force tools with the help of hands compared to power tools. Hand tools can be divided into wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers, tape measures, hammers, sockets, cutting tools, scissors, sets, and auxiliary tools such as tool carts according to their uses. Each category has its own differences. model.
1. Metal cutting tools
(1) Chisel
① Chisels are tools used for chisels, usually made of carbon steel. High-speed steel cannot be used as chisels. The hardness after heat treatment is HRC48-52; the chisel top is not allowed to be quenched, and there are no cracks or burrs.
② Generally, for chiseling burrs on the surface of the blank, flat chisels (wide chisels) can be used for pouring, risers and cutting materials; sharp chisels (narrow chisels) can be used for chiseling grooves and cutting curved sheets; and oil groove chisels can be used for chiseling oil grooves.
③ The method of holding the chisel and its operation must be correct. The chisel should be held with the middle finger, ring finger and little finger of the left hand, the thumb and index finger should be naturally closed, and the head of the chisel should extend about 20mm; in order to reduce the shock of chiselling the opponent, do not hold the chisel too tightly.
④ When chiseling, you should start chisel gently from the sharp corner on the side of the work, and then work with the full edge after carving the gap. Otherwise, the chisel will easily bounce off or slip; when cutting 10mmn from the end of the workpiece, you should turn around and chise.
⑤ To prevent the hammer from hitting the hand when it slips from the end of the chisel, a foam rubber pad can be placed above the grip of the chisel handle; to prevent flying chips or fragments from hurting people, the operator should wear goggles and the workbench should be Place steel mesh guards.
⑥The chisel tip should be slightly spherical. If there are flash curls, they should be trimmed in time to ensure that the hammering force passes through the center line of the chisel.
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Folding knife
The knives are made of high carbon steel T13 or T12, and the hardness after quenching is HRC62-67.
Folding knives are divided into three categories: general knives, special knives and plastic knives. General knives are divided into flat knives, square knives, round knives, semicircular knives and triangular knives; special knives are divided into straight knives and curved knives; plastic knives are commonly known as set knives, which are composed of many knives of various shapes and cross-sections.
There are also coarse knives, fine knives, double fine knives and oily knives.
① The knife must be equipped with a handle before use, otherwise the tail tip of the knife may hurt the hand, wrist or other parts of the body.
② Hold the handle of the file with your right hand, hold or hold the front end of the file with your left hand, and use both hands to push the file evenly. When using a file with a smaller cross-section, do not apply too much force to avoid causing the file to break. The knife breaks; the cutting speed should not be too fast, generally 20 to 60 times per minute.
③ Avoid grease contamination on the knives and knives, and the surface of the workpiece being crushed should not be contaminated by grease to prevent the knives from slipping and causing accidents.
④ Do not blow the chips with your mouth to prevent them from flying into your eyes; do not remove the chips with your hands to prevent the chips from pricking your fingers and palms. Use a brush to clean them.
⑤After use, the knives should be placed properly and should not be stacked to prevent damage to the knives; when placed on the operating table, do not expose the table to prevent them from falling and injuring your feet.
⑥ It is strictly forbidden to use the knife as other tools. It cannot be used as a shovel or crowbar to prevent it from breaking and injuring people.
(3)Handsaw
Hand saw blades are mostly made of carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel, and are hardened by heat treatment. When a hand saw is in use, the broken saw blade is the main cause of damage.
① The saw blade should be selected correctly according to the hardness and thickness of the material being processed; the tightness of the saw blade installation should be appropriate and adjusted at any time according to the feel of the hand.
② The workpiece to be sawed must be clamped, and there must be no displacement or vibration during sawing; the sawing line must be close to the support point of the workpiece.
③ When sawing, the saw bow should be straightened to prevent it from skewing. The saw should be started smoothly. The starting angle should not exceed 15°. When the angle of view is too large, the saw teeth can easily be caught by the workpiece.
④When sawing, push the saw forward with both hands and apply appropriate force; when sawing backward, lift the hand saw slightly without applying pressure. The amount of force should be determined according to the hardness of the workpiece to be cut. If the hardness is large, the force can be increased, and if the hardness is small, the force can be applied smaller.
⑤ When installing or replacing a new saw blade, you must pay attention to ensure that the tooth tip of the saw blade faces forward; after replacing a new saw blade in the middle of sawing, the saw should be turned around and it is not advisable to continue sawing along the original saw kerf; when the workpiece is about to be cut When doing so, use your hands to hold onto it to prevent it from falling and injuring your feet.
(4) Taps and wrenches
Taps and wrenches are tools for cutting internal and external screws. Generally made of hand tool steel or high-speed steel, and quenched and hardened by heat treatment. Taps are divided into two types: hand taps and machine taps; the wrenching teeth include round wrenching teeth and cylindrical pipe thread wrenching teeth.
① When tapping, the end hole should be chamfered; the tap should be coaxial with the hole of the workpiece; axial pressure should be applied at the beginning of tapping to make the tap cut in. After cutting in for a few turns, there is no need to apply axial force.
②After the calibrated part of the tap enters the screw hole, every half-turn to one turn in the forward direction must be retreated 1/4 to 1/2 turn to break the chips before tapping downward; when tapping the through hole, the tap must be withdrawn frequently Carry out chip removal.
③ When tapping on steel workpieces, add cutting fluid. When tapping on cast iron workpieces, add a small amount of kerosene. After using the first tap, it is necessary to screw the tap into the thread when using the second or third tap. hole.
④ When threading, the end of the workpiece should be chamfered, and the end face of the wrench should be perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece; axial pressure should be applied at the beginning of threading, and the rolling pressure should be correspondingly greater; when the wrench cuts the thread on the workpiece, Don't stress anymore.
⑤ When threading, in order to break the chips and discharge them in time, the wrench should be rotated frequently.
⑥The workpiece should be firmly fixed on the clamps and fixtures; when the tap breaks, do not touch the broken part with your hands, use a clamp or punch to pick it out, and wear protective glasses.
(5) Shearing knife
A shearing knife is a tool that uses two wedge-shaped blades to move relative to each other to shape and cut thin plate materials. The shear knife of corresponding standard should be selected according to the thickness of the material to be sheared and the shape of the workpiece to prevent the shear knife from chipping due to overload operation. Generally, for cutting straight, small curvature, and short sections, you can use straight-edge technical shears; for cutting straight and long workpieces, you can use straight-through shears; for cutting inner curves, use hole shears; for cutting large thicknesses, use manual machines Cut.
① Do not push the sheared workpiece too close to the shearing axis. Because the notch opening is large, the workpiece will easily slide outward when subjected to shearing force, which may cause damage. A blade angle of 14° is most conducive to shearing. , labor-saving and anti-slip.
② When cutting, do not touch the edge of the workpiece that has just been cut with your hands to prevent your hands from being injured by sharp burrs. When transferring or holding workpieces, workers must wear protective gloves made of canvas or leather.
③ When using shears to trim the corners or cracks of sheet metal, the operator must wear goggles to prevent fragments from flying out and damaging the eyes.
④ When shearing, the workpiece should be clamped well to prevent the workpiece from rolling after being stressed and injuring people; do not put a pipe on the shearing tool handle to extend the shearing handle.
(6) Scraper
The scraper is a tool for finishing the surface of the workpiece, with a sharp edge. Most of them are made of carbon steel or rolling bearing steel, and some are equipped with hard alloy cutter heads. Generally divided into two types: flat scrapers and curved scrapers, which should be selected accurately according to the surface of the workpiece to be processed.
①The scraper should be equipped with a strong and lubricated handle. Due to the large force used during scraping, if the base part falls off or cracks, it will cause injury to people; especially when using the scraping method, the end of the scraper should be equipped with a smooth base with a large contact surface to prevent injury to the operator. abdomen or other parts of the body.
② When the scraper is not in use, it should be placed in a place where it is not easy to fall to prevent injuries or damage to the scraper when falling; do not put the scraper in a tool bag with other hand tools and should be kept properly alone.
③ The workpiece to be scraped must be stable and reliable, and the height and orientation are suitable for personnel's operation. During scraping, the workpiece to be scraped must not move or slide.
Hand Tool Safety Practices
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Most people are not trained before using hand tools, resulting in frequent accidental injuries. According to statistics, injuries caused by improper use of hand tools account for 7% to 8% of all accidental injuries every year. Therefore, for various types of commonly used hand tools and light power tools, you must understand their correct use, maintain and manage them well, and pay attention to their safety.
MAXPOWER TOOL GROUP
WE ARE NO.1 HAND TOOLS MANUFACTURER IN CHINA.
As the leading hardware tool manufacturer in China, Maxpower Tool Group founded in 1968, has grown into one of the biggest manufacturer of hand tools in China. Maxpower covers an area of 750,000 square meters, owns a national- level technology center and internationally - recognized CNAS certificated laboratory in the hardware tools industry. It is also a unit champion in China's manufacturing industry and a member of the China Hardware Standards Committee. Maxpower chairs and participates in the revision of more than 120 national standards. It also won "China's Top Ten Famous Hardware Tool Company", the first Shandong Province "Honest Lushang" and other honorary titles. Meanwhile, Maxpower is the chairman of China Hardware Tools & Hardware Association; awarded as "National Manufacturing Individual Champion Model Enterprise", "National Technology Innovation Model Enterprise" and "High-tech Enterprise" and so on.
